Pattern formation in models of plankton dynamics. A synthesis

نویسندگان

  • Horst MALCHOW
  • Sergei PETROVSKII
  • Alexander MEDVINSKY
چکیده

− The history of modelling plankton dynamics is already quite long and has been initiated by fishery science in the early 20th century. The main aim of modelling population dynamics is to improve the understanding of the functioning of food chains and webs and their dependence on internal and external conditions. Hence, mathematical models of biological population dynamics have not only to account for growth and interactions but also for spatial processes like random or directed and joint or relative motion of species as well as the variability of the environment. Early attempts began with physicochemical diffusion, exponential growth and Lotka-Volterra type interactions. These approaches have been continuously refined to more realistic descriptions of the development of natural populations. The aim of this paper is to give an extensive introduction to the subject and the bibliography. The fascinating variety of spatio-temporal patterns in such systems and the governing mechanisms of their generation and further dynamics are described and related to plankton. © 2001 Ifremer/CNRS/IRD/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS Résumé – Mode de formation des modèles de dynamique planctonique. Une synthèse. L’histoire de la modélisation de la dynamique du plancton est déjà plutôt longue puisqu’elle a débuté au début du 20 siècle avec les études sur les pêches. L’axe de cette modélisation est d’améliorer la compréhension du fonctionnement du réseau trophique et de ses relations avec les facteurs externes et internes. Aussi, les modèles mathématiques de dynamique des populations doivent non seulement tenir compte des déplacements des espèces au hasard ou dirigés, relatifs ou combinés ainsi que de la variabilité de l’environnement. Les premiers essais débutèrent avec la diffusion physico-chimique, la croissance exponentielle et les interactions de type Lotka-Volterra. Ces approches ont été régulièrement affinées vers des descriptions plus réalistes du développement des populations naturelles. L’objectif de cet article est d’introduire ce sujet et la bibliographie afférente. La variété infinie des schémas spatio-temporels dans de tels systèmes et les mécanismes directeurs de leur naissance ainsi que les futures dynamiques sont décrits et reliés au plancton. © 2001 Ifremer/CNRS/IRD/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS modelling / pattern formation / plankton patchiness / self-organization modélisation / schémas de formation / agrégation du plancton / auto-organisation *Correspondence and reprints: fax: +49 541 969 2599. E-mail address: [email protected] (H. Malchow). © 2001 Ifremer/CNRS/IRD/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. Tous droits réservés S0399178401011616/REV 479 OCEANOLOGICA ACTA ⋅ VOL. 24 – No. 5

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تاریخ انتشار 2001